Phytonutrients can be found in:

  • vegetables
  • whole grains
  • tea
  • nuts
  • fruits
  • beans
  • spices

Phytonutrients also contain antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties that help support a healthy body.

You can find thousands of phytonutrients in plants and related foods.

Some of the most common phytonutrients are:

  • carotenoids
  • ellagic acid
  • resveratrol
  • flavonoids
  • phytoestrogens
  • glucosinolates

Types of phytonutrients

Phytonutrients are available in supplement form. However, they are best consumed as nutrient-rich foods.

Supplements don’t provide all the necessary nutrients to sustain the body and, in rare cases of high dosage, can be toxic.

Carotenoids

Carotenoids are pigments in plants that are responsible for the bright-colored hues of vegetables and fruits. There are more than 600 carotenoids, and you must consume them through foods and sources of fat. Some common types of carotenoids include:

  • alpha-carotene
  • beta-carotene
  • beta-cryptoxanthin
  • lutein
  • lycopene
  • zeaxanthin

Carotenoids act as antioxidants, and some can be converted into vitamin A. They support immune system function, eye health and reduce your risk of cancer.

Some foods rich in carotenoids are:

Ellagic acid

Ellagic acid is a phytochemical known for reducing cancer risk and lowering cholesterol. Ellagic acid has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The highest levels of ellagic acid are present in raspberries.

Other foods rich in this compound include:

  • strawberries
  • blackberries
  • grapes
  • pomegranates
  • walnuts
  • pecans

Resveratrol

Resveratrol is found predominantly in grapes — specifically, the grape skin — and wine. This compound supports cardiovascular and cognitive health. Resveratrol has also been associated with increased cerebral blood flow.

Resveratrol can be found in other foods:

Flavonoids

Flavonoids are one of the largest groups of phytonutrients. This compound is rich in antioxidant properties and anticancer activity. There are many subgroups of flavonoids, including:

  • flavones
  • anthocyanins
  • flavanones
  • isoflavones
  • flavonols

Some foods rich in flavonoid compounds are:

  • green tea
  • apples
  • onions
  • coffee
  • grapefruits
  • legumes
  • ginger

Phytoestrogens

These compounds are associated with reducing the risk of cancer, heart disease, and osteoporosis.

Phytoestrogen mimics estrogen in the body, which may be beneficial for women in relieving discomfort from hot flashes and other menopausal symptoms.

However, some studies have shown phytoestrogens may disrupt hormone function.

Be mindful of your intake of phytoestrogens and get to know how they may impact your body, as everyone is different.

Foods rich in phytoestrogen compounds include:

  • soy
  • broccoli
  • oranges
  • carrots
  • coffee
  • legumes

Glucosinolates

Glucosinolates are compounds found predominantly in cruciferous vegetables. They are known for helping to regulate inflammation, metabolic function, and stress responses. Glucosinolates have also been associated with cancer prevention.

Studies in rats and mice found that the compounds that form from broken down glucosinolates inactivate carcinogens and protect cells from DNA damage. However, this has not been proven in human studies. Common foods rich in glucosinolates include:

  • broccoli
  • bok choy
  • cauliflower
  • Brussel sprouts
  • cabbage
  • mustard

Health Benefits of Phytonutrient

Phytonutrients are also known for other benefits:

  1. Carotenoids: According to studies, carotenoids can be beneficial for eye health and immune health. Common carotenoids, lutein, and zeaxanthin are found in the retina and can decrease your risk of developing macular degeneration by 43 percent.

2. Flavonoids: This protects against cancer and cardiovascular disease. These phytochemicals contribute to healthy cell communication. This can trigger detoxification, decrease inflammation, and reduce the risk of tumors spreading.

3. Glucosinolates: This is similar in helping to prevent cancer. Found predominantly in cruciferous vegetables — such as broccoli, bok choy, cauliflower, and Brussel sprouts — they help to eliminate toxins in the body.

Conclusion

Increasing the amount of phytonutrient-rich foods in your diet can boost antioxidant activity and your immune health.

Although these compounds are available in supplement form, they are best consumed through natural foods, specifically fruits and vegetables.

Before deciding to alter your diet, discuss the risks and benefits with your doctor.